An All-Suture Anchor Offers Equivalent Clinical Performance to an Established Solid Suture Anchor in the Arthroscopic Repair of Rotator Cuff Tears: A Prospective, Randomized, Multicenter Trial With 12-Month Follow-Up.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a next-generation, all-suture anchor in patients undergoing arthroscopic repair of rotator cuff tears, compared with that of an established solid suture anchor. METHODS: Between April 2019 and January 2021, a prospective, comparative, randomized controlled noninferiority study conducted on people with Chinese ethnicity at 3 tertiary hospitals enrolled patients (18-75 years) requiring arthroscopic treatment for rotator cuff tears. Patients were randomized into 2 cohorts receiving either all-suture anchor or solid suture anchor and followed for 12 months. The primary outcome was the Constant-Murley score at the 12-month follow-up. Magnetic resonance imaging assessments determined the rate of retear of rotator cuff repair (defined as Sugaya classification 4 and 5). Safety evaluation was performed at all follow-up points to determine the adverse events (AEs). RESULTS: In total, 120 patients with rotator cuff tears (mean age, 58.3 years; 62.5% female; 60 receiving all-suture anchor) underwent treatment. Five patients were lost to follow-up. Both cohorts showed significant improvement in Constant-Murley scores between baseline and 6 months (P < .001) and between 6 and 12 months (P < .001). There were no significant differences in Constant-Murley scores between the 2 cohorts at 12 months (P = .122) after operation. The retear rate at 12 months was 5.7% and 1.9% in the all-suture and solid suture anchor cohorts, respectively (P = .618). There were 2 cases of intraoperative anchor pullout, both of which were successfully resolved. No cases of postoperative reoperation or other anchor-related AEs were reported. CONCLUSIONS: The all-suture anchor offered equivalent clinical performance to an established solid suture anchor at the 12-month follow-up in patients undergoing arthroscopic repair of rotator cuff tears. The retear rate was not statistically significantly different between the 2 cohorts. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level I, randomized controlled trial.

All-Arthroscopic Glenoid Bone Augmentation Using Iliac Crest Autograft Procedure for Recurrent Anterior Shoulder Instability: Button Fixation Is a Feasible and Satisfactory Alternative to Screw Fixation.

PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy of all-arthroscopic glenoid bone augmentation surgery using the iliac crest autograft procedure. Furthermore, we sought to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of using screw versus button fixation, in patients with recurrent anterior shoulder instability. METHODS: Between 2015 and 2019, 134 shoulders with persistent instability were surgically treated with an arthroscopically placed autologous iliac crest bone graft transfer procedure. Preoperative and postoperative clinical follow-up data were evaluated using the range of motion, and the Walch-Duplay, American Shoulder and Elbow Society, and Rowe scores. Radiologic assessment on 3-dimensional computed tomography scans was performed preoperatively, immediately after surgery, as well as postoperatively, at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and at the final follow-up stage. Graft positions, healing, and resorption were evaluated from postoperative images. RESULTS: This study included 102 patients who underwent arthroscopic iliac crest bone grafting procedure with 2 screws fixation (n = 37; group 1) and 2 button fixation (n = 65; group 2). The mean follow-up period was 37 months. There were no significant differences between groups in terms of clinical scores, shoulder motion range, graft healing, or graft positions on computed tomography scans (P>.05). In group 1, 1 patient showed mechanical irritation and persistent pain around the screw insertion site, being treated through the arthroscopic removal of the screws. The average postoperative bony resorption percentages were 20.3% and 11.2% at 6 months, and 32.4% and 19.3% at 12 months, in group 1 and group 2, respectively. A statistically significant difference was detected between the two groups (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: In the arthroscopic iliac crest bone grafting procedure for the treatment of chronic osseous anterior shoulder instability, excellent functional results were obtained after both button fixation and screw fixation techniques. In addition, less graft resorption and no hardware-related complications were detected with suture button fixation technique. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, retrospective comparative therapeutic trial.

Remodeling process and clinical outcomes following all-arthroscopic modified Eden-Hybinette procedure using iliac crest autograft and 1-tunnel double Endobutton fixation system.

BACKGROUND: Arthroscopically modified Eden-Hybinette procedures for glenohumeral stabilization have been used for a long time. With the advancement of arthroscopic techniques and the development of sophisticated instruments, a double Endobutton fixation system has been used clinically to secure bone graft to the glenoid rim placed through a specifically designed guide. The purpose of this report was to evaluate clinical outcomes and serial glenoid remodeling process following all-arthroscopic anatomical glenoid reconstruction using autologous iliac crest bone grafting technique through 1-tunnel fixation. METHODS: Forty-six patients with recurrent anterior dislocations and significant glenoid defects greater than 20% underwent arthroscopic surgery with a modified Eden-Hybinette technique. Instead of firm fixation, autologous iliac bone graft was fixed to the glenoid by double Endobutton fixation system through 1-tunnel placed in the glenoid surface. Follow-up examinations were performed at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. The patients were followed up for a minimum of two years using the Rowe score, the Constant score, the Subjective Shoulder Value, and the Walch-Duplay score; patient satisfaction with the procedure outcome was also rated. Graft positions, healing, and absorption were evaluated postoperatively with computed tomography imaging. RESULTS: At a mean follow-up of 28 months, all patients were satisfied and had a stable shoulder. The Constant score improved from 82.9 to 88.9 points (P ＜ .001), the Rowe score, improved from 25.3 to 89.1 points (P < .001), the Subjective Shoulder Value improved from 31% to 87% (P < .001), and the Walch-Duplay score improved from 52.5 to 85.7 points (P ＜ .001). One donor-site fracture occurred during the follow-up period. All grafts were well-positioned and achieved optimal bone healing with zero excessive absorption. The preoperative glenoid surface (72.6% ± 4.5%) increased significantly immediately after surgery to 116.5% ± 9.6% (P ＜ .001). After a physiological remodeling process, the glenoid surface remained significantly increased at the last follow-up (99.2% ± 7.1%) (P ＜ .001). The glenoid surface area appeared to decrease serially when compared between the first 6 months and 12 months postoperatively, while there was no significant interval change between 12 and 24 months postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Patient outcomes were satisfactory following the all-arthroscopic modified Eden-Hybinette procedure using an autologous iliac crest grafting technique through one-tunnel fixation system with double Endobutton. Graft absorption mostly occurred on the edge and outside the ''best-fit'' circle of the glenoid. Glenoid remodeling occurred within the first year after all-arthroscopic glenoid reconstruction with an auto iliac bone graft.

Diagnostic accuracy of calprotectin in periprosthetic joint infection: a diagnostic meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is considered to be one of the most challenging complications of joint replacement, which remains unpredictable. As a simple and emerging biomarker, calprotectin (CLP) has been considered to be useful in ruling out PJI in recent years. The purpose of this study was to investigate the accuracy and sensitivity of CLP in the diagnosis of PJI. METHODS: We searched and screened the publications from PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library from database establishment to June 2021. Subsequently, Stata version 16.0 software was used to combine the pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), operating characteristic curve, and area under the curve (AUC). Heterogeneity across articles was evaluated by the I2 statistics. Finally, sources of heterogeneity were detected by subgroup analysis based on study design, detection method, sample size, and cutoff values. RESULTS: A total of 7 studies were included in our study, comprising 525 patients. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, PLR, and NLR of CLP for PJI diagnosis were 0.94(95% CI 0.87-0.98), 0.93(95% CI 0.87-0.96), 13.65(95% CI 6.89-27.08), and 0.06(95% CI 0.02-0.15), respectively, while the DOR and AUC were 222.33(95% CI 52.52-941.11) and 0.98 (95% CI 0.96-0.99), respectively. CONCLUSION: Synovial CLP is a reliable biomarker and can be used as a diagnostic criterion for PJI in the future. However, the uncertainty resulting from the poor study numbers and sample sizes limit our ability to definitely draw conclusions on the basis of our study.

Free bone grafting improves clinical outcomes in anterior shoulder instability with bone defect: a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies with a minimum of 1-year follow-up.

BACKGROUND: Evidence on the efficacy and safety of the free bone grafting in treating anterior shoulder instability is limited. The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the clinical and imaging results of free bone grafting in treating anterior shoulder instability with glenoid bone defect and to explore the incidence of complications in clinically relevant subgroups. METHODS: This systematic review was conducted per PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) guidelines. The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to January 29, 2021, for studies that had reported on free bone grafting in treating anterior shoulder instability with glenoid bone defect with a minimum of 1-year follow-up. Two researchers independently screened studies and extracted data. A random-effects model was used to pool data on clinical function scores, imaging results, and incidence of complications (recurrent instability and non-instability-related complications). Meta-regression analysis was used to evaluate the incidence of complications in different subgroups and investigate the sources of heterogeneity. RESULTS: A total of 29 studies were included in the meta-analysis, comprising 840 patients (845 shoulders) with average ages ranging from 21 to 34.6 years. Compared with preoperatively, free bone grafting increased the postoperative Rowe score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, Constant score, Subjective Shoulder Value, and Oxford Shoulder Instability Score by 53.16, 31.80, 20.81, 38.63, and 4.07 points, respectively, and reduced the visual analog scale pain score by 3 points on average. During the postoperative follow-up period, the rates of return to sport and return to preoperative levels were 84.2% and 73.1%, respectively. The imaging results showed that the free bone healing rate was 98.9% and the incidence of osteoarthritis was 10.9%. The incidence rates of recurrent instability and non-instability-related complications were 3.4% and 5.6%, respectively. Meta-regression analysis showed no evidence of effect modification by the year, follow-up time, proportion of male patients, autograft or allograft, and arthroscopy or open surgery on the incidence of complications. Subgroup analysis showed that the incidence rates of recurrent instability for open surgery, arthroscopy, allograft, autograft, Latarjet revision, and non-bone block revision were 4.1%, 2.3%, 1.5%, 4.4%, 10.3%, and 3.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The application of free bone grafting in treating anterior shoulder instability with glenoid bone defect can effectively improve shoulder joint function and is associated with a high return-to-sport rate and a low overall recurrence rate, but there were some differences in the complications of recurrent instability and non-instability-related complications among the subgroups. Given that these results need to be confirmed via head-to-head comparisons, we recommend that future clinical and biomechanical studies focus on comparing and investigating the advantages and disadvantages of different surgical approaches, thus providing a basis for orthopedic surgeons to make reliable choices.

Arthroscopic Autologous Iliac Crest Bone Grafting for Reconstruction of the Glenoid: A Nonrigid Fixation Technique.

Massive glenoid bone loss in recurrent anterior instability of the shoulder represents a surgical challenge. Some clinical trials have been published assessing the role of arthroscopic iliac crest bone grafting techniques for the management of recurrent anterior instability with glenoid bone loss. However, bone graft fixation is still controversial. We developed a method for anatomic reconstruction of anterior glenoid bone defects using autologous iliac crest graft. This technique is based on the assumption that anatomic restoration of glenoid depth and width is essential to restore stability to the shoulder.

[Arthroscopic Bankart repair combined with Reimplissage for the treatment of recurrent anterior dislocation of shoulder in adults with Hill-Sachs defect].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the method and clinical effects of the treatment of recurrent anterior dislocation of shoulder with Hill-Sachs injury by arthroscopic Bankart repair and Remplissage. METHODS: From March 2016 to March 2019, 106 patients with recurrent anterior dislocation of shoulder with glenoid bone defect less than 20% underwent arthroscopic Bankart repair, including 76 males and 30 females, aged from 18 to 45 (27.3±8.6) years, 59 cases of left shoulder and 47 cases of right shoulder. Range of motion (ROM), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons(ASES) score, Constant-Murley score and Rowe score were used to evaluate shoulder functionand stability before and after operation. RESULTS: All patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 21 to 60 months, with a mean of (41.5± 8.5) months. One patient developed infection after operation, and the infection was controlled after arthroscopic debridement again. The remaining patients did not have clinical complications such as infection, intra articular hematocele and redislocation. Shoulder flexion and lifting increased from (158.33±15.72) ° preoperatively to (169.43±10.04) ° at the latest follow up, and internal rotation changed from T7 (T4 to T10) preoperatively to T8 (T5 to T10) at the latest follow up;the average lateral external rotation and abduction 90 ° external rotation decreased from (58.46±15.51) ° preoperatively and (99.37±14.09) ° to (53.18±14.90) ° and (92.52±13.10) ° at the latest follow up, respectively. The ASES score, Constant -Murley score and Rowe score were significantly improved. CONCLUSION: The clinical effect of rehabilitation of Bankart repair combined with Remplissageunder arthroscopy in the treatment of recurrent dislocation of shoulder joint in adults with Hill-Sachs defect is satisfactory. Although the external rotation function is weaker than that before operation, it can effectively reconstruct the shoulder function and avoid the occurrence ofdislocation after operation.

Arthroscopy Primary Double-Bundle Repair of Anterior Cruciate Ligament With Internal Brace Augmentation and a Knotless Anchor Implant.

The primary repair technique of acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears has been controversially discussed over the past few decades. Many different suture techniques have been reported for ACL repair, but these procedures showed high re-rupture rates and poor results. Recently, the literature has reported excellent outcomes with primary ACL repair. There has been a resurging interest in modernizing and augmenting primary ACL repair. This article describes a technique that uses internal brace augmentation and a knotless anchor (Arthrex) implant for primary anatomic double-bundle ACL repair after an acute proximal ACL tear. This technique aims to advocate natural healing by the high-strength internal brace augmentation and knotless anchor as a provisional scaffold during the healing phase and early mobilization. This technique might be an alternative to conventional ACL reconstruction in the appropriate selection of patients.

Outcome of bone-patellar tendon-bone vs hamstring tendon autograft for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with a 5-year minimum follow-up.

BACKGROUND: Many systematic reviews have compared the short-term outcomes of anterior cruciate ligment (ACL)reconstruction with hamstring and patellar tendon autograft,but few differences have been observed. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare the medium-term outcome of bone-patellar tendon-bone and hamstring tendon autograft for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in terms of clinical function, knee stability, postoperativecomplications, and osteoarthritis changes. METHODS: This meta-analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception to November 2, 2019. This meta-analysis included only randomized controlled trials that compared BPTB and HT autografts for ACL reconstruction with a 5-year minimum follow-up. The Cochrane Collaboration's risk-of-bias tool was used to estimate the risk-of-bias for all included studies. RevMan 5.3 software was used to performed statistical analysis of the outcomes. RESULTS: Fifteen RCTs, involving 1298 patients (610 patients in the BPTB group and 688 patients in the HT group) were included. In terms of clinical function, no significant difference was found in the objective International Knee Documentation Committee score (OR = 0.94, 95%CI: 0.64-1.37, P = .75), Lysholm knee score (MD = -2.26, 95%CI: -4.56 to 0.05, P = .06), return to preinjury activity level (OR = 1.01, 95%CI: 0.67-1.52, P = .96), and Tegner activity level (OR = 0.03, 95%CI: -0.36 to 0.41, P = .89). There was no statistically significant difference in the Lachman test (OR = 0.86, 95%CI: 0.5-1.32, P = .50), pivot-shift test (OR = 0.68, 95%CI: 0.44-1.06, P = .09), and side-to-side difference (MD = -0.32, 95%CI: -0.81 to 0.16, P = .19). As for postoperative complications and OA changes, there were no statistically significant difference in flexion loss (OR = 1.09, 95%CI: 0.47-2.54, P = .85) and OA changes (OR = 0.76, 95%CI: 0.52-1.10, P = .15), but we found significant differences in favor of the HT group in the domains of kneeling pain (OR = 1.67, 95%CI: 1.04-2.69, P = .03), anterior knee pain (OR = 2.90, 95%CI: 1.46-5.77, P = .002), and extension loss (OR = 1.75, 95%CI: 1.12-2.75, P = .01). There was a significant difference in favor of the BPTB group in the domain of graft failure (OR = 0.59, 95%CI: 0.38-0.91, P = .02). CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results above, HT autograft is comparable with the BPTB autograft in terms of clinical function, postoperative knee stability, and OA changes, with a medium-term follow-up. The HT autograft for ACL reconstruction carries a lower risk of complications, such as anterior knee pain, kneeling pain, and extension loss, but an increased incidence of graft failure. Patients should be informed of the differences when deciding on graft choice with their physician.

Asiaticoside, a component of Centella asiatica attenuates RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis via NFATc1 and NF-κB signaling pathways.

Identification of natural compounds that inhibit osteoclastogenesis will facilitate the development of antiresorptive treatment of osteolytic bone diseases. Asiaticoside is a triterpenoid derivative isolated from Centella asiatica, which exhibits varying biological effects like angiogenesis, anti-inflammation, wound healing, and osteogenic differentiation. However, its role in osteoclastogenesis remains unknown. Here, we show that Asiaticoside can suppress RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption in a dose-dependent manner. Asiaticoside attenuated the expression of osteoclast marker genes including Ctsk, Atp6v0d2, Nfatc1, Acp5, and Dc-stamp. Furthermore, Asiaticoside inhibited RANKL-mediated NF-κB and NFATc1 activities, and RANKL-induced calcium oscillation. Collectively, this study demonstrates that Asiaticoside inhibited osteoclast formation and function through attenuating RANKL-induced key signaling pathways, which may indicate that Asiaticoside is a potential antiresorptive agent against osteoclast-related osteolytic bone diseases.

[Comparative analysis of modified Dewar method versus arthroscopic double Endobutton fixation technique for the treatment of acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical outcomes of modified Dewar method versus arthroscopic double Endobutton fixation technique for the treatment of acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation (Rockwood types III-V). METHODS: All cases with acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation (Rockwood types III-V) were treated at our department from October 1997 to October 2009. Among them, 28 cases undergoing modified Dewar method were followed up. There were 20 males and 8 females aged 18 - 68 years old with a mean follow-up period of 6.8 years. And the arthroscopic technique of Endobutton fixation was employed for another 24 cases. There were 19 males and 5 females aged 19 - 65 years old with a mean follow-up period of 1.5 years. The radiographic findings, clinical outcomes and complications of two groups were compared. RESULTS: The good/excellent rate of modified Dewar group and arthroscopic double Endobutton group were 92.8% and 95.8% respectively. There was no significant difference between two groups. No significant difference existed between two groups as to the VAS (visual analogue scale) pain score and UCLA (University of California at Los Angeles) score. The modified Dewar group had a higher rate of ectopic ossification in coracoclavicular ligament than that of the arthroscopic double Endobutton group (25% vs 8.33%). Yet there was no statistical significance. However, the distance between clavicle and coracoid process was larger in the modified Dewar group (11.96 vs 8.54 mm, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Both modified Dewar method and arthroscopic double Endobutton fixation technique are both efficient therapies for acute acromioclavicular dislocation (Rockwood types III-V). The former tends to be more invasive while the latter can better maintain the relationship of coracoid process and clavicle.

[Separation and purification of total flavones from Herba Epimedii by macroporous adsorption resin with the help of ultrasonic extraction].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the optimal separation of the total flavones from Herba Epimedii by macroporous adsorption resin. METHOD: Nine types of macroporous adsorption were evaluated for separating efficiency by measuring the adsorption ratio, eluting ratio of total flavones. RESULT: The D-101 macroporous adsorption resin had the best separating efficiency. After enrichment and purification with it, the product purity of total flavones was up to 63.8%. CONCLUSION: This method is simple, feasible and fit for industry production.

Effects of alendronate on structural properties of trabecular bone in dogs / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effects of alendronate on the structural properties of trabecular bone.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Alendronate was administered at a daily p.o. dose of 0.5 mg/kg over a 12-week period in hound dogs (n = 8 for both the control and treated group), and the structural indices of the lumbar vertebral (L1 and L2) trabecular bone were assessed directly from 3-D images.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Treatment with alendronate increased bone volume fraction by 9.5% and 7.7% in L1 and L2 respectively. Trabecular thickness significantly increased after alendronate treatment, whereas trabecular separation remained constant. The degree of anisotropy for the alendronate-treated group was decreased compared with that of the control group. Bone surface to volume ratio declined significantly in the alendronate-treated group, whereas alendronate induced a higher bone surface density.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Alendronate increased the structural properties of canine trabecular bone after short-term treatment at a dose of 0.5 mg x k(-1) x day(-1).</p>